George Lindbeck lamented that his most widely read work, The Nature of Doctrine, had often been read apart from his ecumenical focus. In this book, Shaun Brown seeks to provide a corrective to misreadings of Lindbeck's work by focusing upon his "Israelology"—his emphasis upon the church and Israel as one elect people of God.

While many Christians after the Holocaust have noted the harm that Supersessionism brought to the Jews, Lindbeck focuses upon the harm that supersessionism has brought to the church. He argues the appropriation of Israelhood by the church can bring intra-Christian ecumenical benefits. This work comes in two stages. In the first stage, undertaken while he was an observer at the Second Vatican Council, Lindbeck discusses a parallel between Israel and the church. The second stage, which begins in the late 1980s and continues through the end of his career, Lindbeck describes the church as "Israel-like" or "as Israel."