This work reviews the development of rural education both vertically and horizontally in the post independence period. The Indian National Congress under the dynamic Leadership of Mahatma Gandhi and Jawahar Lal Nehru had evolved a national system of education called as basic education during the freedom struggle and this system of education was specifically oriented towards the need and aspirations of education was specifically oriented towards the needs and aspirations of the village people the farmers and small artisans. The system of basic education was introduced at the primary stage throughout the length and breadth of India in the post in dependence period. The University Education Commission of 1948 had recommended the establishment of rural colleges and rural Universities. The system was given a fair trial by the Governmental agencies. Besides the formal system of rural education other informal methods like cooperation, community development and panchayat raj systems were also introduced for the education of rural people. The whole subject has been discussed in Ten volumes and efforts have been made to give broad discussion to the whole system the critics who say that nothing has been done for the education and social development of farmers during the last 43 years of post independence period would only expose themselves to the charge of their ignorance of history