The lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn) an important sub-tropical evergreen fruit crop belonging to family Sapindaceae, is believed to have originated in China, where it has been grown in Southern Guangdong state for thousand of years. It is highly specific to climatic requirements and probably due to this reason its cultivation is restricted to few countries in the world. In India, lychee was introduced in the 18th century through Burma, and from there, it spread to many countries. The book contains chapters on Introduction (Production Area, Climate, Harvesting and Fruit Handling), Cultivars and Genetic Enhancement, Orchard Care, Tree Growth, Flowering and Fruiting of Litchi, Requirement of Nutrients for Litchi Orchards, Major Pests and Diseases, Insect Pest Management, Physiological Disorders, Maturity and Harvest of Fruit, Organic Litchi Production: Concepts and Strategies, Post-harvest Handling and Storage Technology and Processing and Value Addition. We trust that those interested in litchi cultivation will find the information in this book useful and stimulating. This book is intended for students, teachers, and litchi breeders. We hope that academics throughout the world interested in developing tropical crops will also find use for this book.