Farming remains at the forefront of food production and is more than ever concerned with soils, but the properties of soils affect everyone who works with soils. The present text is framed primarily with a view to satisfying the need of the students who need to understand quickly the basic principles of soil science for developing ample confidence in the subject. An earnest attempt has been made herein to introduce to the readers the essential scientific concepts in the discipline presently discussed under three major chapters viz. soil physics, soil chemistry, and pedology in a clear and concise form. The latest developments in the field of geo-informatics viz. [Remote Sensing (RS), Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS)] and their role in soil resource mapping is discussed. Detailed discussion on "Soils of India" is also accommodated so that the readers get well exposed to the nature and characteristics of soils under Indian scenario together with their extent and distribution.