In "Mentally Defective Children," edited by Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon, the collection presents a pioneering exploration into the understanding of children with intellectual disabilities at the dawn of the 20th century. The works within this anthology encompass a diverse array of literary and scientific styles, ranging from empirical studies to theoretical essays, all centered around the nascent field of child psychology and special education. The significance of this collection lies not only in its historical context but also in the groundbreaking approach to educational psychology and the development of the Binet-Simon scale, marking a foundational moment in the assessment of intelligence. Alfred Binet and Théodore Simon, both distinguished psychologists, bring together their formidable expertise to shed light on the conditions and educational strategies for children labeled as mentally defective during this period. Situated at the intersection of psychology, education, and sociology, their collaborative work reflects the early 20th-century movements toward understanding human cognition and developing inclusive educational practices. The anthology captures a critical evolution in societal attitudes towards intellectual disability, advocating for nuanced approaches to education and assessment. "Mentally Defective Children" is an essential read for psychologists, educators, historians, and anyone interested in the origins of special education and intellectual assessment. This collection offers a unique lens through which to understand the complexities of childhood development and the pioneering steps towards more inclusive educational practices. Readers will find in this anthology not only a wealth of historical insights but also a reflection on the progress and ongoing challenges in the field of special education and psychological assessment. The editors' joint effort invites a profound appreciation for the depth and diversity of early psychological thought and its enduring impact on contemporary practices.