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We show how Jewish Apocalypticism developed from the time of the captivity of the Northern Kingdom by the Assyrians and how that the prophet Amos, c., 760 BC, took a bona fide prophecy concerning the crucifixion of Messiah (Amos 8:7-10), and coupled this with his expectation of an attack by the Assyrians. The attack occurred c., 722 BC, mainly as a result of the refusal of the Israelites to pay tribute to the Assyrians. In that same prophecy, Amos foretold of an impending great tribulation when there would be an earthquake and the day would be dark from noon and the houses and sanctuaries would be laid waste and that the Lord would return to earth on that day (Day of the Lord) to judge the idolatrous Israelites and the enemies of Israel. Because the Lord did not return at that time and the expected signs and wonders in the sky and on earth did not occur, these expectations were pushed out to a later time. We show how Amos' expectations became the apocalyptic prototype for subsequent apocalyptic writers. We show how apocalypticism was largely birthed out of nationalistic ideals to secure what they regarded as "their" Land and wanted to see their enemies punished. Their apocalyptic expectations gained momentum, and they started to picture God returning to dwell in their Temple to rule the world from Jerusalem. Solomon, when dedicating the temple, was in no doubt that their Temple could not contain God and that He lived in His abode in heaven (1 Kings 8:26-30).
We detail the many issues related to Jewish apocalypticism: