This book provides a comprehensive presentation of the realization of improved rain fed agriculture yield in semi-arid and dry land areas. Besides techniques to improve the livelihood of small-scale farmers in developing countries, it includes examples and case studies for further support. The methods discussed have shown to be successful and economically remunerative in India and various African countries. Intended for professionals (investors, policy makers), researchers and (post)graduate students working on dry land and sustainable agriculture and water and natural resources management. Suited for courses in dry land agriculture, soil / water management and watershed development.