This book comprehensively explores various aspects of food waste management, ranging from understanding the issue to innovative solutions that convert waste into valuable resources. The initial chapters provide an in-depth analysis of advanced methods for characterizing food waste. The book examines cutting-edge methodologies, including physico-chemical, thermal, and biological approaches, for converting food waste into valuable resources such as biohydrogen, biopolymers, biogas, organic acids, bioactive compounds, biochar, compost, and vermicompost. Additionally, it delves into the utilization of advanced technologies like machine learning, the Internet of Things (IoT), sensors, and robotics for food waste treatment and management, thus contributing to a sustainable future. It underscores the conversion of food waste into renewable energy sources, sustainable materials, and valuable compounds. This book will be useful for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking sustainable approaches to tackle the global challenge of food waste.