Modern medicine considers the causative of acute nonspecific inflammation of the lung tissue as the main cause of the disease, and its effective neutralization as a guarantee of successful treatment. The book is based on results of the correction of the doctrine of pneumonia undertaken by the author several decades ago, which allowed him to substantiate the pathogenetic principles of treatment, and their clinical approbation showed the possibility of effective treatment of this category of patients without the usual emphasis on etiotropic agents.The analysis of materials on the mental perception of the problem discussed in the book against the background of objective facts and evidence presents the causes and scale of the formed misconceptions, which opens up the opportunity to purposefully begin to eliminate them.