The Philosophical Transactions and the letters preserved in the Royal Society's archives provide precious insights into the making of science and the workings of the Republic of Letters in the early and late modern periods. This book investigates the Royal Society's relations with Italy through a socio-historical and critical linguistic analysis of the papers concerning Italian research published in the Transactions and of the epistolary exchanges between the Society's Fellows and Italian scholars. The aim, from the linguistic perspective, is to describe the features and development of papers based on Italian research published in the journal, as well as the discursive aspects that characterise the exchanges between the two countries. Ultimately, from the historical and cultural point of view, the study will provide a picture of the development of Anglo-Italian relations in scientific context from the seventeenth to the end of the nineteenth century.