This book is an edited collection that explores the fundamental concepts of real-time simulation/hardware-in-the-loop testing using 'Typhoon HIL' for complex electrical systems. Typhoon HIL has recently emerged as a powerful tool in the rapidly growing field of ultra-high-fidelity controller-hardware-in-the-loop (C-HIL) simulations for power electronics, microgrids, and distribution networks. The book integrates the coverage of underlying theory and acclaimed methodological approaches and high-value applications of real-time simulation and hardware-in-the-loop testing—all from the perspectives of eminent researchers around the globe utilizing Typhoon HIL. This book serves as a valuable resource for engineers, academicians, researchers, experienced professionals, and research scholars engaged in /becoming familiarized with the real-time simulation of complex electrical systems using Typhoon HIL with a specific focus on hardware-in-the-loop testing.