This work is based on a fairly large unpublished sources, in particular, the confidential files of Home Department, Government of India, (1905—1930). These documents provide primarily the official version of the policies and events and contain valuable materials from the Government's point of view. Besides other official sources like the Administration Reports and Official publications, Indian opinion in its alternating moods of hopes and gloom has been studied from the Newspapers particularly, The Tribune, an indispensable source for the study of any political movement in Punjab. Lala Lajpat Rai's papers—The Panjabee and The People—which provide a detailed record of the nationalist point of view has also been used. In this work useful material has been derived from the memoirs, diaries, autobiographies, Parliamentary Debates, Legislative Council Debates etc. With regard to the availability of source-material extensive use has been made of Vols. VI & VII of the Disorders Enquiry Committee Evidence which had been suppressed by the British Government for long, and which have been published recently by the Institute of the Advanced Study, Simla.