This book brings together for the first time the Kenneth May Lectures that were given at the annual meetings of the Canadian Society for History and Philosophy of Mathematics. All contributions are of high scholarly value, yet accessible to an audience with a wide range of interests. They provide a historian's perspective on mathematical developments and deal with a variety of topics covering Greek applied mathematics, the mathematics and science of Leonhard Euler, mathematical modeling and phenomena in ancient astronomy, Turing and the origins of artificial intelligence to name only a few.