Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Biological Concepts, Current Advances, Opportunities and Challenges systematically summarizes and discusses the basic concepts and latest updates of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the past 60 years, as well as the latest progress of clinical translational research and regulatory policy at home and abroad, which will be of great practical significance for promoting and guiding the future development of stem cell production and regenerative medicine. - Systematically introduces the latest updates on Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), helping readers have a systematic understanding of MSCs - Summarizes knowledge on MSC-based cytotherapy in clinical practice to benefit clinicians and help them design MSC-relevant clinical trials - Introduces newly developed concepts of MSC-based tissue engineering