In 'The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended,' Isaac Newton embarks on an ambitious endeavor to establish a coherent timeline of ancient civilizations. Published posthumously in 1728, this work exemplifies Newton's meticulous approach, merging historical analysis with a scientific methodology reminiscent of his inquiries into physics. He scrutinizes various sources, from biblical texts to classical writings, aiming to recalibrate the often conflicting dates of significant historical events. Through detailed tables and clear reasoning, Newton attempts to restore the integrity of historical chronology, placing an emphasis on the importance of chronological accuracy for understanding the development of human civilization. Isaac Newton, often lauded as one of the greatest scientific minds, was not only a mathematician and physicist but also an ardent historian. His endeavors in chronology stemmed from a belief that history, like nature, could be understood through the laws of reason. This work reflects his persistent quest for truth, influenced by his broader interests in theology and the natural world. Newton's thorough research is a testament to his intellectual rigor and his commitment to uncovering the past accurately. 'The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended' is an essential read for those interested in the intersections of science and history. Newton's insights challenge conventional narratives, offering readers a profound perspective on how historical timelines shape our understanding of civilization. This text serves as both an intriguing scholarly investigation and a reflection of Newton's genius, making it a valuable addition to the libraries of historians and scientists alike.