The liver and pancreas are two organs that work together to produce digestive enzymes. These enzymes travel through a duct called the biliary system and are released into the small intestine to help with the digestion of food.

The sphincter of Oddi is a muscle located at the junction of the biliary system and the small intestine. It acts as a valve, opening to release enzymes into the small intestine and closing to prevent them from flowing back into the biliary system.

Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (SOD) occurs when this muscle does not function properly. SOD can lead to abdominal pain, bloating, and diarrhea. It can also cause liver damage and pancreatitis.

Treatment for SOD typically involves medications to relax the sphincter of Oddi's muscle. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the affected portion of the muscle.

Diet and lifestyle changes can also help to manage symptoms of SOD. avoiding triggers, such as fatty foods, alcohol, and caffeine; eating smaller meals more frequently, and managing stress can all help to reduce the frequency and severity of SOD symptoms.

In this beginner's guide, we'll discuss the following subtopics in detail: