This book collects, analyzes, classifies and interprets the research of scholars of the Republic of China on the southwest frontier of China, namely Xikang, Xizang, Yunnan, and Guangxi. It starts with an analysis of the background of the times and the academic foundation. Respectively from different levels such as main issues, research institutions, academic publications, and representatives and using the southwest frontier region as a spatial range, it deeply explores the historical situation of the investigation and research of the southwest frontier by the scholars of the Republic of China. It also evaluates these academic achievements and interprets their time limitations and influence. By doing so, this book fills in the gaps in the study of Chinese frontier academic history during that period.