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#1 The Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 ended the war between Europe's powers, but did not resolve the geopolitical realities of the new world order. The playing field was no longer just Europe, but the entire world.

#2 The French began claiming parts of North America in 1682, and by 1700, France had claim to the lion's share of the continent. The English had a narrow strip of land between the Atlantic coast and the Appalachian Mountains.

#3 The War of the Spanish Succession was fought between Louis XIV of France and Spain's Philip V over who would inherit the Spanish throne. It was called the War of the Grand Alliance in North America, and the War of Queen Anne's War in Europe.

#4 The Treaty of Utrecht of 1713 kept any one empire from dominating Europe, and England became the sea power. France was allowed to keep Louisbourg and Cape Breton Island, and build Fort Saint Frédéric on Lake Champlain south of Montreal.