Over the past years, the appropriateness of Computational Intelligence (CI) techniques in modeling and optimization tasks pertaining to complex nonlinear dynamic systems has become indubitable, as attested by a large number of studies reporting on the successful application of CI models in nonlinear science (for example, adaptive control, signal processing, medical diagnostic, pattern formation, living systems, etc.). This volume summarizes the state-of-the-art of CI in the context of nonlinear dynamic systems and synchronization. Aiming at fostering new breakthroughs, the chapters in the book focus on theoretical, experimental and computational aspects of recent advances in nonlinear science intertwined with computational intelligence techniques. In addition, all the chapters have a tutorial-oriented structure.