This book documents factors that determine humans' survival probability of becoming centenarians (SPBC), as well as the life expectancy (LE) associated with socioecological factors (SEFs). It contributes to possibilities for increasing SPBC and LE by applying analytical strategies to understand trends and patterns in SPBC. The book also includes detailed accounts of 14 factors that affect SPBC and LE, and reports on the causes and impact of SEFs on SPBC and LE.As the first time that the influence of SEFs on SPBC has been analyzed and described, this book presents evidence of SPBC and LE factors in all countries and contributes to globally applicable knowledge of how to become a healthy centenarian.