This text on transnational civil litigation presents the basic legal doctrine within a larger, illuminating conceptual framework. The book organizes the subject around three basic concepts: national sovereignty, individual rights, and political accountability. After highlighting the unique problems of litigation across national boundaries, the book explores the essential role of individual rights, especially due process and human rights. It then examines the role of the political branches of government in enacting the statutes and treaties that govern transnational litigation. These three concepts play out in the following chapters: