First published in 1999. The kaukau a li'i were lower ranked chiefs who served the AIVi Nui (high chiefs). This work describes how that service role changed over time. Equally important is this study's attempt to understand the Native Hawaiian past in the context of how the kaukau ali 7 lived. The formal relationship between a kaukau alVi and an AIVi Nui was based on the routine performance of hana laxvelawe or "service tasks."