As our traditional understandings of volume replacement therapy are being questioned, there is an urgent need to reevaluate both the amount and the type of fluid given. This book shows that treatment effects - as well as undesired side effects - can be optimised through the right choice of fluid. As fluid overload and positive fluid balance are linked to bad outcome, therapy should prevent formation of oedema by a rational approach to volume replacement. This book provides an update of the topic including practical approaches and evidence-based recommendations.