About 10-15% of all couples are estimated to be unintentionally childless, at least in the short term. An unfulfilled desire to have a child is associated with considerable psychological stress and, after initial frustration, in some cases leads to great despair, emotional crises and even to depression and social isolation. The success of a medical treatment, including in the situation where the desire to have a child is unfulfilled, is based on appropriate diagnostic investigation and requires knowledge and experience. Careful and targeted investigation of infertility in this context not only creates the necessary trust on the part of affected patients but also lays the foundation for successful therapy. This volume aims to provide a purposeful introduction to the investigation of infertility that reflects clinical practice. It includes sections on ovarian dysfunction, the investigation of organic causes of infertility and methods for investigating male infertility.