In recent years, brachytherapy has made enormous progress in terms of image-guided planning and in how it is executed as well as in applicator and device technology. Furthermore, various guidelines have been published by the European Brachytherapy Group within the ESTRO (GEC-ESTRO): brachytherapy for carcinoma of the prostate (HDR, LDR), cervical cancer, in tumours of the head and neck and in breast cancer (partial breast irradiation). All these numerous new developments have been comprehensively taken into account in the second edition of this textbook. This book serves as a teaching and learning aid for specialists, doctors in further training, medical physicists, radiographers and nurses. It also aims to provide a stimulus for experienced radiotherapists to expand their field of activity and thereby optimally use the given therapeutic diversity of our discipline.