Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemias (AML) are not completely independent disease entities but in many respects represent a biological continuum. This book discusses the pathophysiological basis and shows the current classifications of MDS and AML as well as the prognostic systems. The various treatment options, such as kinase inhibition, DNA hypomethylating therapy, inhibition of angiogenesis, induction chemotherapy and stem cell transplantation, as well as the criteria for selecting the relevant treatment approaches are discussed in detail. This textbook imparts the experience of renowned experts and offers a well-substantiated review of current diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in MDS and AML.