Albert Leffingwell was a noted American physician, social reformer, and vocal advocate for vivisection reform. His books helped to bring light to the cruel abuses of animal experimentation and called for regulation. He was way ahead of his time in his approach to animal welfare. He is indeed an interesting turn-of-the-century writer whose ideas have been greatly influential and whose books are still worth reading. Furthermore, he believed animals should be free to live their own lives and that humanity has a responsibility to treat them compassionately and justly. We still hope that: "The day may come when the rest of animal creation may acquire those rights which never could have been withholden from them but by the hand of tyranny."(Jeremy Bentham)