Biomaterial demands for polymer composites preparations are rising progressively towards achieving sustainable development. Biomaterials are known to possess superior properties in comparison to petroleum based materials especially in terms of cost, processing, biodegradability and availability, and with relatively good mechanical properties. This book gives an overview of scientific research on biomaterials based polymer composites that have been carried out in recent years. These include studies on properties and characterization of biomaterials and polymer composites reinforced with natural fibers and fillers. The book consists of 10 chapters in which each chapter provides an overview and comprehensive properties of specific biomaterials and polymer. The first chapter provides an overview of developing areas and new frontiers in biomaterials based polymer composite field. Other chapters focus on properties and characterization of specific biomaterials and polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol)/sago waste, thermoplastic sago starch/sago pith waste, LDPE/corn starch blends, ethyl orange treatment by activated carbon, coconut husk fibers/ HDPE, acrylonitrile/pineapple leaf fibres as textile material, polyacrylamide hydrogel grafted onto pineapple leaf fibers, foam from natural fillers and ethyl orange treatment absorption by tea waste as adsorbent. This book is ideal for postgraduate students, researchers, academics and industrial technologies who work with biomaterial based polymer composites.