The history of science, which is an inter-scientific discipline, is above all a history of thought. Because science is an effort to search for facts about nature today, as in Ancient Greece and other eras. Therefore, the history of science is the history of the development of scientific theories and scientific thoughts (influenced by each other). Famous historian of science Alexandre Koyre (1892-1964) pointed out this fundamental feature of the history of science when he said "The history of real science is the process of the mind reaching the truth".

But the history of science is also an institutional and social history. Because science is actually a social activity and scientists are affected by the current social conditions at various levels during their studies. So science, economic, political, cultural and so on. it progresses, pauses or regresses depending on the nature of the conditions. That is why, analyzing the conditions under which science is at its peak and the conditions in which it declines, reaching some facts about the basic dynamics of the development of science constitutes the main field of study of the history of science.

On the other hand, the history of science is the history of