We are born as blank slates. However, we quickly we begin to gain an understanding of the world around us and our ability to acquire and access knowledge changes as we grow, building an intricate web of information and ideas. How can people both lock away useful information and wisdom and—just as important—summon it at the appropriate moment? This special edition from the editors of TIME examines the cognitive functions of the brain, how we learn, how our educational systems have evolved, and what modern learning looks like today, including its benefits and limitations.