Globally, education systems and schools seek to strengthen their competitive positioning through curriculum policy transformations. These take place as a result of ideological shifts and policy flows, as well as networks between global and local levels, leading to radical changes in curricula.Australia is no exception to this general trend. Here, school systems aim to address the challenges presented by current rapid technological growth. A major associated strategy involves the production and enactment of what is termed a '21st century curriculum policy'; a curriculum that promotes the acquisition of skills such as creative and critical thinking, collaboration and problem-solving skills.This book details associated international influences and presents a detailed exposition of how a '21st curriculum' was conceived nationally in Australia and the impact of its development in Western Australia, focussing on the nongovernment school sector. The volume's structure reflects the four main contexts of policy processes: policy influences, policy text production, policy enactment and longer-term policy outcomes. The major informing concepts considered include neo-liberalism, nationalism, competing educational perspectives, powerful knowledge actors, high-stakes testing, equity, and social justice, among others. 'Food for thought' is provided for policy makers, curriculum developers and teachers not only in Australia but internationally.