There is a need to develop next-generation bioenergy systems that exhibit net carbon capture. This collection reviews advances in producing next-generation biofuels from plant materials. These address climate change by fixing carbon in co-products. Part 1 discusses key technologies to achieve this goal such as biomass gasification, fast pyrolysis and torrefaction. Chapters review advances in technology, applications and commercial development. Part 2 assesses advances in production of biofuels from crops such as jatropha, oilseeds (such as canola and rapeseed), Miscanthus, switchgrass and willow, as well as the sustainable use of seaweed for biofuel.