This volume presents papers given at the 3rd and 4th scientific editions of the conference “Methodology and Archaeometry” held in 2015 and 2016 at the Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences of the University of Zagreb, Croatia. It covers topics in archaeometry and archaeological methodology, which represent an essential part of collecting and processing data, which defines the validity of archaeological interpretation. Contributions explore non-destructive archaeology (geophysics and field survey), different aspects of artifact analysis, and experimental archaeology.The text brings together new research from scientists from various disciplines based on a range of methodological, analytical and theoretical perspectives, thus providing new insights and approaches, as well as new theoretical and methodological frameworks in contemporary archaeological science.