Turkey currently has an ailing democratic regime, and the country remains trapped in the gap which separates liberal constitutional regimes from totalitarian regimes. It has been trying to join the former camp for decades, but has not yet made substantial progress in this endeavour. This book documents the four main causes of the "disease" which troubles the Turkish democracy: namely, socio-economic underdevelopment, the dependent middle classes, the perpetuation of the "Kurdish Issue", and the weak opposition play a significant role in the shaping of the modern Turkish political system. It shows that, following the post-Cold War trend of the developing world of establishing a hybrid majoritarian political system, the Turkish political system constituted the conservative response of the ruling elites to the country's socio-political changes.