This report critically analyzes the complex environment for private sector development in Papua New Guinea, showing the country's potential to capitalize on its vast wealth well into the coming decades. However, to ensure sustainable and inclusive growth, Papua New Guinea needs ongoing reform so that the benefits of future resource exports benefit the entire economy. This report was produced by the Pacific Private Sector Development Initiative, a regional technical assistance facility cofinanced by the Asian Development Bank (ADB), the Government of Australia, and the New Zealand Government.