This book traces the entrance of Western stage drama into China and the initial reception it received from Chinese intellectuals. Form the introduction of Western literature and dramatic concepts to China in the early twentieth century to the Chinese national theatre movement and renovation of Beijing opera, specific and social cultural conditions ushered the literature created in that environment. The central contention of this book is that the evolution of modern literary stage drama was an important aspect of the Chinese intellectual movement, transforming stage shows into messengers of social change. When two cultures collide, it can produce significant literary and cultural change. While there have been productive studies comparing the characteristics of Eastern and Western theatre, there has not yet been a study examining the social environments that brought these characteristics about.