This mid-2018 report has been professionally converted for accurate flowing-text e-book format reproduction. It provides an unique, up-to-date, and exceptionally detailed look at the military satellite programs of three important American allies: France, Australia, and Japan, including intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance, missile warning, and communications systems.

The use of satellites to support military operations has grown dramatically in recent years, which has increased the exposure of military satellite systems to targeting. To combat this risk to its space systems, the Department of Defense has prescribed increased military space cooperation with the United States' closest friends and allies. This thesis investigates the United States' history of partnering with three of its closest allies—France, Australia, and Japan—since the dawn of the space age to see where the best opportunities for enhanced military space cooperation exist today. It finds that changes in the military space organizations, capabilities, and policies of these three allies since 2008 have significantly increased the ability of their militaries to collaborate fruitfully with the Department of Defense. Furthermore, aided by the ongoing growth of their military space cadres, collaboration with these countries can expand from a traditional focus on technical applications into combined education, doctrine, and policy. The thesis closes on a cautionary note, arguing that the Department of Defense needs to carefully consider how it will develop trust with foreign spacefaring militaries, with the Department of Commerce likely to assume responsibility for the foreign engagement associated with the United States' space situational awareness data-sharing agreements by 2024.

I. Introduction * A. Significance of the Research Question * B. Literature Review * C. Potential Explanations and Hypotheses * D. Research Design * E. Thesis Overview and Chapter Outline * II. France * A. Strategic Direction And Predisposition to Collaborate * B. Historical Collaboration * C. Current Military Space Organization and Capabilities * D. Analysis * Iii. Australia * A. Strategic Direction And Predisposition to Collaborate * B. Historical Collaboration * C. Current Military Space Organization and Capabilities * D. Analysis * Iv. Japan * A. Strategic Direction and Predisposition to Collaborate * B. Historical Collaboration * C. Current Military Space Organization and Capabilities * D. Analysis * V. Summary and Conclusion * A. Case Studies * 1. SSA * 2. Satcom * 3. Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance * 4. PNT * 5. Missile Warning and Defense * 6. Weather * 7. Space Launch * B. Department of Defense Iscs * C. Suggestions For Future Research * D. Conclusion