Frantz Fanon's 1961 masterpiece is both a powerful analysis of the psychological effects of colonization and a rallying cry for violent uprising and independence. Rejecting the assumption that the people of colonized countries are somehow less evolved or less civilized than their occupiers, Fanon argues that violence is justified to purge colonialism not just from colonized countries, but from the very souls of their inhabitants, who have been so damaged by its abuses. And real change, he writes, depends above all on the rebellion of the most wretched and most poor—the only class with nothing to lose from engineering real change.