Dental abscesses or gum boils are often seen by a family doctor as a cause of pain in the mouth.A dental abscess is a pocket of pus that can develop inside the teeth, within the gums, or inside the bone that holds the teeth in place.It is normally caused by a bacterial infection.1. An abscess at the end of a tooth is called a periapical abscess.This form of abscess begins in the center of the tooth (the dental pulp).This is the most frequent type.This form of dental abscess normally occurs as a complication of tooth decayThe injury to the tooth permits bacteria to attack the pulp to cause an infection.An infection in the pulp can go on to form an abscess.2. An abscess in the gum is called a periodontal abscess.A periodontal abscess may also form as a complication of injury to the gums or periodontium.A periodontal abscess is occasionally called a gum boil as the abscess causes a swelling to form next to a tooth.It most often forms as a complication of gum disease (periodontal disease), which is infection or inflammation of the tissues that enclose the teeth.Gum disease often induces the gum to become slightly detached from the tooth.This causes pockets to form which may get filled with bacteria and go on to form an abscess.Eventually an abscess can induce the bone around the tooth to dissolve.If too much bone is lost, the tooth will become loosen and may need to be removed.These factors can raise the chances of forming a dental abscess:1. Poor oral hygiene2. Eating lots of sugary or starchy food and drink3. An injury or prior surgery to the teeth or gums4. Having a weakened immune system5. A tooth abscess may develop if there is tooth decay.7. It may also happen when a tooth is broken, chipped, or injured in other ways.The main symptom is a serious toothache.1. An intense, throbbing pain in the affected tooth or gum that may occur suddenly and gets slowly worse2. Pain that extends to the ear, jaw and neck on the same side as the affected tooth or gum3. Pain that is worse when lying down, which may disturb the sleep4. Redness and swelling in the face5. A tender, discolored and loose tooth6. Shiny, red and swollen gums in the mouth with blood or pus oozing from it7. Sensitivity of the teeth to hot or cold food and drinkDiagnosis is by:Dental abscess appearanceX-rays of mouth and teeth may show the abscessesTreatment is by:Pain killersMouth rinses especially in ruptured abscessUse of soft toothbrushInitial treatmentA dental abscess requires treatment right away.The dentist may:1. Give antibiotics to kill the bacteria causing the infection.2. Make a hole in the tooth to drain the pus and give great relief of symptoms.3. Do a root canal to remove the infected pulp in the tooth.4. Remove the tooth. This may be needed if a root canal treatment does not help.For a periapical abscessThe treatment for this form of dental abscess is normally root canal treatment.This treatment is to save and recover the injured or dead inner part of a tooth (the pulp).The dentist will drill into the dead tooth to permit pus to escape through the tooth, and then remove the dead pulpal tissue.A root filling is then put into the tooth to fill the space and avoid further infection.If the infection continues despite root canal treatment, the dentist may have to remove (extract) the tooth.For a periodontal abscessOnce the pus is drained, a dentist may clean the pocket where the abscess had developed.After this a dentist may smooth out the root surfaces of the tooth to induce the gum to close back on to the tooth and for any pocket to fade away.Tooth extraction is done as last resort.TABLE OF CONTENTIntroductionChapter 1 Dental AbscessChapter 2 CausesChapter 3 SymptomsChapter 4 DiagnosisChapter 5...