A better understanding of the microstructure of metals and alloys has led to great advances in the performance and useful applications of these, the oldest of mankind's engineered materials. This book in the Materials Characterizations series focuses on the particular molecular and atomistic properties of metals insofar as how they affect the different techniques for measuring and analyzing internal structure, surface structure, and chemical/physical properties. It provides a vital connection between commonly used characterization techniques like Scanning Electron Microscopy and how such can be used in the various ways that metals are processed, machined, and used. — Review of relevant mechanical and chemical properties of metals and how they affect characterization techniques — Characterization techniques used for melting and casting, machining, and metallic thin films processes — Concise summaries of major characterization technologies for metals and alloys, including Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy, Neutron Activation Analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Spectroscopy