"Political Ideals" is a collection of essays by Bertrand Russell that discuss various political systems, their merits and flaws, and the ideal form of government. Russell explores the ideas of liberty, equality, justice, and democracy, and critiques various forms of government, including socialism, anarchism, and capitalism. He argues for a balance between individual freedom and social responsibility and emphasizes the importance of education in creating a just and equitable society. Russell also discusses the role of intellectuals in shaping political ideals and the need for a rational, critical approach to political discourse.