Penile cancer is the malignant growth of penile cells on the external skin and in the tissues of the penis.The cancerous cells can grow and spread from the penis to the lymph nodes in the groin and eventually to other parts of the body if untreated.Penile cancer is a rare disease in which cancerous cells appear on the penis.Types:a. Cancer cells that are only in the skin of the penis and have not spread to any deeper tissues are called carcinoma in situ (CIS) or penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)b. Penile squamous cell carcinoma (90%)c. The remaining 10% consists of adenocarcinoma, melanoma, basal cell and sarcoma.Cause:Poor hygiene and neglect in cleansing the part of the penis covered by the foreskin increases the risk of developing the disease.Penile cancer is also seen more frequently in uncircumcised men.Diagnosis is by:A non-tender lesion that looks like a pimple or wart on penisFine needle aspiration of lumpSentinel lymph node biopsyStaging of Cancer:Stage 1The cancer affects the surface or skin of the penis, the head of the penis or the foreskin.But it has not spread anywhere else in the bodyStage 2The cancer has invaded or spread deeper into the head of the penis or is affecting the shaft of the penis (the columns of erectile tissue) and may have grown into the urethraStage 3Stage 3a means that the cancer is affecting the penis and a single lymph node in the groinStage 3b means the cancer is affecting the penis and there are cancer cells in 2 or more of the lymph nodes in the groinStage 4The cancer is affecting the penis; it may affect the lymph nodes and has spread to another part of the bodyTreatmentTreatment choice is dependent on the size and location of the tumor and how much it has spread.Stage 1Surgery may be done to remove only the malignant part of the penis onlyStage 2Total removal of the penisStage 3Amputation of penisRadiotherapyChemotherapy intravenousStage 4Same as Stage 3TABLE OF CONTENTIntroductionChapter 1 Penile CancerChapter 2 CausesChapter 3 SymptomsChapter 4 DiagnosisChapter 5 TreatmentChapter 6 Prognosis and PreventionChapter 7 SummaryEpilogue