In recent decades it has been widely recognized that preventing of failure of engineering structures necessitates involvement of a large amount of expertise and, depending on the application, might require for a multi-disciplinary and multi-scale approach in terms of both, size and time. The series of the International Conference of Engineering Against Failure (ICEAF) aims to provide on a bi-annual basis a Forum to present relevant scientific and technological achievements and discuss with an audience of international experts.The current issue is the Part II of the Special Issue, containing papers presented at the 4th International Conference of engineering Against Failure (ICEAF-IV), which took place during the period 24-26 of June 2015. Several distinguished scientists and researchers contributed to a high-level scientific gathering during which the latest advancements in the conference topics were presented and discussed upon.The Conference, co-organised by the Laboratory of Technology & Strength of Materials (University of Patras) and the Hellenic Metallurgical Society (HMS), is held under the auspices of FEMS (The Federation of European Materials Societies) and the EASN Association.