Kefaya, also known as the Egyptian Movement for Change, was an indigenous movement for political reform organized in late 2004 in opposition to the regime of Egyptian President Hosni Mubarak. This examination of Kefaya?s birth, its accomplishments, and the reasons for its decline is based on an analysis of the work of Egyptian scholars and Arabic-language media reports (including online and new media), as well as structured interviews with persons associated with and observers of Kefaya and the Muslim Brotherhood. It explores the challenges to grassroots attempts to bring about democracy and implement political reform in the Arab world in general and in Egypt in particular and looks at the implications of such movements for U.S. policy in the region.