In December 2001, a conference held in New York City brought togetherindividuals with firsthand knowledge of emergency responses to terroristattacks to discuss ways to improve the health and safety of emergencyworkers who respond to large-scale disasters. The meeting considered theresponses to the September 11, 2001 attacks at the World Trade Center andthe Pentagon and the 1995 attack at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building inOklahoma City, Oklahoma, as well as the emergency responses to the anthraxincidents that occurred through Autumn 2001. This book is intended to helpmanagers and decisiomakers understand the unique working and safetyenvironment associated with terrorist incidents, understand the equipmentneeds of emergency workers, and improve education and training programs andactivities directed at the health and safety of emergency responders.