This 12th edition of Commerce is designed for self-study, though it is of equal value to schools and colleges. Lecturers and teachers will find that the book meet their requirements for the 16+ General Certificate in Secondary Education and comparable syllabuses in Scotland, BTEC examinations and other similar examinations. This book is organized into 24 chapters. These chapters cover all the basic commercial activities in modern free enterprise societies and explain simply and clearly the activities performed by wholesalers, retailers, importers and exporters in the distribution and exchange of goods. They also describe the activities of bankers, insurance companies and transport organizations and discuss the important aspects of communication with respect to commerce. This edition also updated some of the text using the most up-to-date documents. This book will be of interest to commerce students and teachers and all others interested in understanding commercial activities.