The contributions that are included in this e-book have been selected from those presented at the first conference on 'Models and mathematical methods and their applications to biology and industry' held in La Roche sur Yon, France, in December 2007. The aim of the conference was to present mathematical and numerical methods for solving problems arising from biology, medicine, the food industry and more generally from the industrial field. As a result the papers in this e-book are mostly related to modeling, identification, optimization, optimal control and algorithms for solving functional equations.