China has been successful in maintaining a high economic growth rate over the past three decades through industrialisation and by becoming the preferred global supplier of manufactured goods and services. As a consequence, the size of energy sector activities has tremendously increased. Poverty eradication and improvement of people's living standard bring challenges for the energy sector and managing these challenges will be essential for its successful continuation of its economic and social transformation. The e-book tries to capture some of these challenges faced by the Chinese energy sector.