This book is one of the series of "International Top-level Forum on Engineering Science and Technology Development Strategy", arounding the theme of "Challenges for HPC Architectures, Strategies and Prospects". This forum was held in Shanghai, hosted by the Chinese Academy of Engineering, organized by the Division of Information and Electronic Engineering etc. The contents of the reports include up-to-date research achievements in the supercomputer R&D directions, analysis and evaluation of challenges and performance for E-scale computing systems, proactive cognitive reconfigurative computing architecture, multi-scale computers and computing methodology, and so on. A round table meeting was organized during the forum, focusing on the challenges and solutions for HPC developments in the coming 10~20 years.