With over two and a half billion people between them, China and India are responsible for the food and nutrition security of approximately a third of the world's population. This e-book is motivated by the key role that these two Asian giants play in achieving global food and nutrition security. Both countries have made significant economic strides in recent decades that contributed to reductions in the share of undernourished people. Yet challenges remain as they their hunger and malnutrition levels are still high and they face an increasing scarcity of water, land and other natural resources. Climate change will further threaten food and nutrition security in years to come. The purpose of the e-book is to take stock of critical but common issues facing China and India in their quest to adequately and nutritiously feed their population of 2.6 billion people. It looks at a range of thematic issues and how each country is addressing them across topics such as (a) achieving food security through food system management, (b) market liberalization for smallholders, (c) institutional development of agricultural education and extension programs, (d) alleviating malnutrition among the poorest, and (e) development of farmers' cooperatives.